Ikirahure kireremba hamwe nikirahure kizungurutse
Ikirahure kireremba
Inzira yo kureremba, yahimbwe na Sir Alastair Pilkington mu 1952, ikora ikirahure kibase.Ubu buryo butuma habaho gukora ibirahuri bisobanutse, bisize irangi kandi bisize inyubako, hamwe nikirahure gisukuye kandi gisize ibinyabiziga.
Hano ku isi hari ibimera bigera kuri 260 bireremba hamwe hamwe na toni zigera ku 800.000 z'ikirahuri mu cyumweru.Igihingwa kireremba, gikora kidahagarara hagati yimyaka 11-15, gikora ibirometero 6000 byikirahure kumwaka mubugari bwa 0.4mm kugeza kuri 25mm no mubugari bugera kuri metero 3.
Umurongo ureremba urashobora kuba hafi igice cya kilometero z'uburebure.Ibikoresho bibisi byinjira kumpera imwe hanyuma biva mubindi byapa byibirahure bivamo, bikata neza kubisobanuro, ku gipimo cya toni 6.000 mu cyumweru.Hagati y'ibinyoma bitandatu byahujwe cyane.
Gushonga no Gutunganya
Ibikoresho bifite ingano nziza, bigenzurwa cyane kugirango ubuziranenge, bivangwa no gukora icyiciro, gitemba mu itanura gishyuha kugeza kuri 1500 ° C.
Float uyumunsi ikora ibirahuri byubwiza bwa optique.Inzira nyinshi - gushonga, gutunganya, guhuza ibitsina - bibera icyarimwe muri toni 2000 z'ikirahure cyashongeshejwe mu itanura.Bibaho muri zone zitandukanye mubirahure bigoye bitwarwa nubushyuhe bwinshi, nkuko igishushanyo kibyerekana.Yiyongera kubikorwa bikomeza gushonga, bimara amasaha 50, bitanga ikirahuri kuri 1100 ° C, kitarimo ibibyimba byinshi, byoroshye kandi bikomeza kwiyuhagira.Uburyo bwo gushonga ni urufunguzo rw'ubwiza bw'ikirahure;n'ibihimbano birashobora guhinduka kugirango uhindure imiterere yibicuruzwa byarangiye.
Kwiyuhagira
Ikirahure kiva mumashanyarazi gitemba gahoro gahoro hejuru yumubyimba hejuru yindorerwamo isa nindorerwamo yamabati yashongeshejwe, guhera kuri 1100 ° C hanyuma ugasiga ubwogero bureremba nkigitambara gikomeye kuri 600 ° C.
Ihame ryikirahure kireremba ntigihinduka kuva 1950 ariko ibicuruzwa byarahindutse kuburyo bugaragara: kuva muburinganire bumwe buringaniye bwa 6.8mm kugeza kurwego kuva kuri milimetero kugeza kuri 25mm;kuva kumyenda ikunze kurangizwa no gushiramo, ibituba no guharanira kugera hafi ya optique.Float itanga ibyo bizwi nko kurangiza umuriro, kurabagirana kwa chinaware.
Annealing & Kugenzura & Gukata kuri gahunda
An Annealing
Nubwo umutuzo urimo ikirahure kireremba, imihangayiko itari mike itera imbere mugikonjo uko ikonje.Guhangayikishwa cyane kandi ikirahure kizavunika munsi yikata.Ishusho yerekana imihangayiko ikoresheje lente, igaragazwa numucyo ukabije.Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bigabanuke, lente ikorerwa ubushyuhe mu itanura rirerire rizwi nka lehr.Ubushyuhe bugenzurwa cyane haba kuruhande no kuruhande.
●Kugenzura
Inzira ireremba izwiho gukora neza ikirahure, kitagira inenge.Ariko kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, ubugenzuzi bukorwa kuri buri cyiciro.Rimwe na rimwe, igituba ntigikurwaho mugihe cyo gutunganywa, ingano yumucanga yanga gushonga, guhinda umushyitsi mumabati bigashyira imvururu mukirahure.Igenzura ryikora kumurongo rigenzura ibintu bibiri.Irerekana amakosa yimikorere hejuru ishobora gukosorwa ifasha mudasobwa kumanuka kuyobora kuyobora ibice bizenguruka.Ubuhanga bwo kugenzura butuma ibipimo birenga miliyoni 100 isegonda ikorwa hakurya ya lente, kumenya inenge ijisho ridafashijwe ntirishobora kubona.
Amakuru atwara 'ubwenge' gukata, kurushaho kunoza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa kubakiriya.
●Gukata kuri gahunda
Ibiziga bya diyama bikuraho selvedge - impande zishimangiye - hanyuma ukata lente kugeza mubunini byateganijwe na mudasobwa.Ikirahure kireremba kigurishwa na metero kare.Mudasobwa isobanura ibyifuzo byabakiriya muburyo bwo kugabanya bugamije kugabanya imyanda.
Ikirahure
Inzira yo kuzunguruka ikoreshwa mugukora ibirahuri byizuba, ikirahure kibase hamwe nikirahure.Umugezi uhoraho wibirahure bishongeshejwe bisukwa hagati yimashini ikonje.
Ikirahuri kizungurutse gikoreshwa cyane muri moderi ya PV hamwe nogukusanya amashyuza kubera kohereza cyane.Hano hari itandukaniro rito hagati yikirahuri kizengurutse kandi kireremba.
Ikirahuri kizungurutse kidasanzwe kubera imiterere ya macroscopique.Iyo imiyoboro ihanitse ni nziza kandi uyumunsi imikorere yo hejuru yicyuma kizungurutse kizagera mubisanzwe 91%.
Birashoboka kandi kumenyekanisha imiterere yubuso bwikirahure.Imiterere itandukanye yubuso ihitamo bitewe na porogaramu igenewe.
Imiterere yubuso ikunze gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imbaraga zifatika hagati ya EVA nikirahure mubisabwa PV.Ikirahuri cyubatswe gikoreshwa muri PV hamwe nubushyuhe bwizuba.
Ikirahuri cyashushanyije gikozwe muburyo bumwe bwo kunyuramo aho ikirahure gitemba kuri muzingo ku bushyuhe bwa 1050 ° C.Hasi yicyuma cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese byanditseho ibibi byerekana;uruziga rwo hejuru ruroroshye.Umubyimba ugenzurwa no guhindura icyuho kiri hagati yizingo.Agasanduku gasiga umuzingo kuri 850 ° C kandi gashyigikirwa hejuru yamazi akonje yicyuma gikonjesha kuri lehr.Nyuma yo gufunga ikirahure cyaciwe mubunini.
Ikirahuri cyatsindagiye gikozwe muburyo bubiri.Inzira ikoresha ibice bibiri byigenga byamazi yamazi akonje akora ibizunguruka buri kimwe kigaburirwa hamwe nikirahure cyikirahure cyashongeshejwe kuva mu itanura rusange.Ihuriro ryambere ryizunguruka ritanga lente yikirahure yikirahure, igice cyubugari bwibicuruzwa byanyuma.Ibi byuzuyeho inshundura.Ikiribwa cya kabiri cyikirahure, kugirango gitange lente yubunini bungana nubwa mbere, hanyuma hongerwaho hanyuma, hamwe na meshi ya wire "sandwiched", lente inyura mumuzingo wa kabiri wizunguruka ikora lente yanyuma yikirahure.Nyuma ya annealing, lente yaciwe nuburyo bwihariye bwo gukata no gufata.